Rodeo is a ballet score written by American composer Aaron Copland in 1942. It was originally created for a string orchestra but was later modified for a full symphony orchestra. The ballet consists of five sections: Buckaroo Holiday, Ranch House Party, Corral Nocturne, Saturday Night Waltz, and Hoe-Down.

The well-known main theme of Hoe-Down is based on a unique version of the American folk song "Bonyparte" or "Bonaparte's Retreat," played by Salyersville, Kentucky fiddler William Hamilton Stepp, which was recorded in 1937 by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. A meticulous transcription by Ruth Crawford Seeger of that performance appeared in Lomax's 1941 book, "Our Singing Country."

Hoe-Down opens by vamping the first bar of "Bonaparte's Retreat", which will become a major theme of the section. After a reprisal of the Rodeo theme, the theme proper begins in the strings, as the horns play a simple counterpoint. Instead of building to a climax, this section segues into "McLeod's Reel", performed by various solo instruments, briefly introducing the Irish theme "Gilderoy" in the clarinet and oboe.